Study of the effect of external cooling on the performance of a Laval nozzle
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31471/1993-9965-2025-2(59)-65-74Keywords:
Laval nozzle, simulation modeling, flue gas cooling, external cooling, cooling jacket, supersonic flow, condensation.Abstract
This work addresses the pressing issue of minimizing flue gas emissions during technological operations in various industrial sectors. Particular attention is paid to enhancing the energy efficiency of gas cooling and purification, which is a critical stage for subsequent heat recovery and condensation of harmful components. Most traditional methods for cooling hot gas streams require significant energy consumption, are complex to maintain, carry a risk of equipment corrosion, and have limited effectiveness under variable flow parameters. As an alternative and energy-saving approach, a Laval nozzle is employed, providing adiabatic cooling of the gas flow by converting internal energy into kinetic energy upon reaching supersonic speeds. This enables effective gas cooling without additional refrigeration systems and creates conditions for partial moisture condensation. The aim of this research is to study the influence of external cooling on the performance of a Laval nozzle. To achieve this, two models were developed and analyzed using simulation modeling (CFD): one without cooling, and the other utilizing a "cooling jacket." Identical inlet parameters were applied to both models. Water was used as the cooling fluid. The application of cooling to the Laval nozzle reduces the gas temperature from 78°C to 67°C. During the cooling process, the Mach number decreases from a maximum value of 3.2 to 2.9. The results confirm that external cooling significantly enhances heat exchange efficiency and expands the deep cooling zone within the Laval nozzle. Further optimization of the design and placement of the cooling jacket is advisable to achieve even higher nozzle performance. The study demonstrates a practical application of CFD analysis as a tool for engineering design and verification of technical solutions, making it valuable in the context of modern trends in digital modeling and energy conservation.
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